Friday, November 14, 2025

Political Captagon, Part II: How to use Syria and Gaza

 


III.          The Syrian War comes to an end

 

Something else that stands out is that none of the belligerents possessed sufficient strength to overcome the other. The SAA displayed incompetence throughout much of the war, and at one point, 60% of it had defected to the enemy; but all the same, the strength of the rebel armies only matched that of the strength of the SAA and more often fell below it.


Perhaps the rebels were kept deliberately weak by the US and other Western powers. By the time of the second phase of the war, which began in 2015, the West had come to see the war as a nuisance and an embarrassment. The West was frightened by the sudden success of ISIS, but did that translate into a desire to see the Assad regime fall? Clearly not: the West began making realpolitiker calculations, and this ‘Realism’ was noticed by other geopolitical actors – actors such as Russia, fresh from its triumph in Ukraine, where it had snatched the Crimea and the Donbas. After it intervened, Russia, along with Hezbollah and Iran (whose forces were commanded by the brute Soleimani), proceeded to ‘Grozny-fy’ the conflict: that is, cities were turned into rubble.


A peculiar status quo emerged. Israel strongly supported the Assad regime at the start of the Arab Spring and all throughout the civil war, and it only attacked the SAA after Assad had fallen. From the start of the Arab Spring and the Syrian war, Israel saw Assad as a ‘force for stability’ and the continuation of his rule as an instance of better the devil you know. During the war, Israel bombed only Hezbollah, the Iranian army, and associated militias; the Assad regime was left unscathed. All the powers, that is, Russia, Turkey, the US, and Israel, had made a gentleman’s agreement, one that stipulated that none of the powers were to attack the other. The rules of engagement – which side was allowed to be attacked, and by whom – became increasingly complex.


Responding to this, Western mainstream political opinion, and radical left-wing opinion, was confused and divided. You can see the split in an article from nearly ten years ago: it gives an account of a debate that took place in Sydney in 2017 (before an audience made up of Arabs and Muslims) between two left-wing academics, Dr Michael Karadjis and Dr Tim Anderson – Karadjis argued against the regime, Anderson for it. The article takes you back in time; both the situation and the rhetoric (Cold War-era thought-terminating clichés such as ‘imperialism’, ‘fascism’, etc.) are old and inappropriate. When the Far Left speaks, it speaks in code; ‘imperialism’, for instance, is a code word for the rule of the white man. But in the case of the Syrian war, the blame could not be pinned on the white man, and cut adrift, the Far Left did not know how to interpret the Syrian civil war – it lacked the conceptual equipment. No party line existed, as had in the good old days of the Soviet Union, and so, the Far Left splintered. One faction of the communist Left backed the Islamists who would eventually win the war – the hodgepodge of groups that changed its name from al-Nusra to JFS to HTS. Another faction threw its weight behind the regime and its sponsors Iran and Russia. A third faction – on the fringes of what is a fringe movement – liked ISIS for its ‘anti-imperialism’. A fourth faction, comprising the respectable Far Left, favoured the Kurds, who had won Western backing for their war on ISIS and then on Turkey and the Syrian rebels. In one of the strangest twists in 21st century politics, the most powerful of the Kurdish leaders, Abdullah Öcalan – leader of the Maoist PKK – had become enamoured of the writings of the Jewish anarchist and eco-warrior Murray Bookchin; Öcalan studied at the feet of Bookchin, a lucid and skilful propagandist, and set about converting the Kurds to Bookchin’s creed. Öcalan’s efforts bore fruit, and by the mid-2010s, many on the Far Left spoke glowingly of the ‘Rojava experiment’, Rojava being a town occupied by the Kurds and governed in accordance with feminist and eco-anarchist principles.


That covers the Far Left: what of the Far Right? In the first few months of the Arab Spring, I would discuss the Arab Spring with my Far Right comrades, who were largely uninterested in the subject. In my circle, one Serb nationalist, who freely admitted his racial animosity towards Arabs, jeered at the revolutionaries, and he declared that they were backward; his argument was that the Arab revolutionary wanted what the West had – liberalism, democracy, consumerism, ‘free and fair’ elections, and so forth – but upon attaining it, the Arab would come to realise that the ‘freedoms’ were hollow and not worth having. And that is as far as the discussion went; in 2011, by and large, the Far Right cared little for Arab affairs. Two years later, an intellectual comrade of mine was intrigued by the goings-on in Egypt: the downfall of Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood, so soon after the ousting of Mubarak, interested him, and he wrote an article about it, and that made him a rarity, for on the Far Right, no-one else was paying much attention.


In 2015, which was the year of the Russian intervention, the tenor changed. We saw the debut of the left-wing pseudo-journalist and ‘e-celeb’ who touted the Assad regime, Russia, and the ‘Axis of Resistance’, and who – although ostensibly left-leaning – sought to appeal to both the Far Right and Far Left. By the late 2010s, Assadist propaganda had extended its reach beyond RT (Russia Today) and SANA (Syrian Arab News Agency), and this was thanks to social media activists – and traditional media activists as well. The respected left-wing boomer journalist Robert Fisk had become embedded in the SAA and rode around in one of Assad’s tanks; quite literally, Fisk became a ‘tankie’. Other aged left-wing stalwarts, men such as Noam Chomsky and John Pilger, took the side of the regime as well.


Interestingly, what most angered Assad’s followers on the Left and Right were the allegations that Assad used chemical weapons – possibly sarin, possibly chlorine – against civilians in Khan Shaykhun in 2017. The attack provoked the newly elected Trump; for some reason, chemical weapons are considered more heinous than explosives and incendiaries. Consequently, Alt-Leftists and Alt-Rightists went into overdrive in an attempt to cast doubts on the claims of gassing. Nowadays, of course, they are free to fly to Syria and investigate – they are free to examine government documents, interview eyewitnesses, and perform forensic analyses; but I doubt very much that they will.


After his election, Trump acted according to the same set of directives as Obama, which were: arm the Kurds in their war against ISIS, do not antagonise Russia and Turkey, and rule out regime change. The war in the late 2010s settled into a groove, a pattern, that in some respects followed the groove and pattern of WWI on the Western Front: because both sides were evenly matched, neither could overcome the other, and any gains made would not hasten the end of the war.


But by 2020, events had shifted in the favour of Assad. The rebels in Suwayda, which is in the south, were forced to relocate to the rebel enclave of Idlib, which is in the north, and were permitted to evacuate in buses. In the north-east, the Kurds were expelled from a strip on the border with Turkey, for the Turkish backed SNA (Syrian National Army), which has a thuggish reputation, had pushed the Kurds out. After the expulsion, the Russians and SAA moved in.


The Assad regime had achieved some military successes, to be sure, but the fundamental weakness of the SAA was revealed when an intriguing possibility, a path not taken, presented itself. In 2020, the SAA attacked Turkish outposts to the south of Idlib, killing 34 soldiers; and in perhaps the only instance of Turkey raising its hand against the SAA, Turkey retaliated, and it unleashed its pent-up military might. The Turkish army made use of drones, and little did we know that the tactics of the brief encounter would soon be adopted by armies all around the world. For our purposes, the Turkish and Syrian clash is interesting insofar as it tells us that Turkey, along with its allies, could have easily toppled the Assad regime, if that is what Turkey had truly wanted.


As the 2020s progressed, news coverage of the war diminished, understandably enough; time had moved on, and mass attention was devoted to the Covidian panic, lockdowns, and mandates; to the BLM riots in the US; to the extremely improbable electoral ‘victory’ of Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.; and after that, to more mandates; and to the outbreak of a new Russo-Ukrainian war. Largely forgotten in all this was Syria, even after a devastating earthquake (7.8 on the Richter scale) made front page news. I did not forget, however, and now and then, when surveying the daily bulletins, I would come across a stray reference to Assad having ‘won the war’; I would then check the map and see that in Idlib, the rebels still held. Nevertheless, what I failed to perceive – for an iron curtain still hung across Syria – was that by the mid-2020s, the Assad regime had found itself in real trouble.


Because of hyperinflation, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey had been plunged into economic turmoil; and Syria and Lebanon were approaching economic collapse.


Normally, inflation comes about because of currencies that lose value against gold; the loss in value of the US dollar in the 1970s constitutes the classic example; in August 1971, the month Nixon took America and the world off the gold standard, an ounce of gold cost only $USD35 an ounce, that is, one US dollar was worth one-35th of an ounce of gold; and in January 1980, gold cost $USD850 an ounce, that is, one US dollar was worth one-850th of an ounce. In classical economics, which was the economics of Marx, the more dollars required to buy one ounce of gold, the more the inflation.


Now, one could pore over charts that show the deteriorating value of the Syrian pound, the Lebanese pound, and the Turkish lira in the 2020s (all three currencies being junk) against gold, but in all fairness, the global inflation of the early 2020s was to be attributed largely not to a decline in currency value but to a breakdown in the global supply chain. By government edict, millions in the early 2020s were forced out of work, and millions of businesses were forced to close; millions were made to stop producing, and millions were made to stop trading their produce. Never in history had a global recession – and global idleness – been engendered in order to prevent a virus from spreading. But the strangeness of it all is beside the point; we must direct our attention to the economics of the matter; and the principle is that when commodities become scarce (in this case because of a forced stoppage of production), the price of those commodities will rise. The Commodities Research Bureau (CRB) index tells the tale:





As a rule, inflation increases mistrust, and as Keynes said, inflation debauches morals: you may expect a US dollar – or a Syrian pound – to buy the same amount of goods tomorrow as it does today but after an inflation, you are to be sorely disappointed. And that disappointment leads to moral breakdown, for our moral system is built upon promises today that are made good tomorrow. And so, by eroding morals, inflation throws a political system out of kilter and quite severely.


Take, for example, the Republic of South Vietnam, which fell for two reasons. The first was the US was unwilling or unable to supply South Vietnam with the weapons and materiel needed to the thwart the 1974 North Vietnamese offensive, which was a surprise offensive and one that was in violation of the Paris peace accords; the second was that the South Vietnamese currency, the đồng, had fallen in value and quite dramatically, and the consequence of that fall was hyperinflation. Summing up, one could view the Vietnam War as a competition between two economic systems; and by the years 1971 to 1974, the years of global currency collapse, the economic system of South Vietnam – which was capitalism, a rather backward and corrupt capitalism, but capitalism nonetheless – had lost the argument.


Syria – or the Assad-dominated portion of it – in the early 2020s underwent a decline like that of South Vietnam’s. Assad’s Syria became more corrupt, and under pressure from sanctions, it came to rely on illicit enterprises such as the trafficking of Captagon. In those years, the Syrian Arab Army, never a great fighting force to begin with, had become hollowed out; a racehorse that had been weakened by inactivity and too indulgent a diet, it had become out of condition – Spengler would say, out of ‘form’. A complacency had set in; the world had forgotten Syria; why could not Syria forget the world?


In the histories of the late Vietnam War, we learn that North Vietnam had attacked in 1974 with the intention of conquering limited objectives; but meeting little to no resistance, the North Vietnamese army pressed on; thereby, an analogy between the North Vietnamese in 1974 and the Syrian jihadis in 2024 can be drawn. In late November 2024, the Syrian rebels wanted to take Aleppo, a major city, and to their surprise and everyone else’s, they succeeded; and so, the rebels moved on to the next targets, which were Homs and Hama; and both were taken without a struggle. Observers asked why it was that these major population centers, the sites of the most furious battles of the 2010s, fell so quickly.


Perhaps the answer is that in the crucial hour, Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah failed to assist. Had it been the 2010s, these actors would have intervened and with full force; but being the 2020s, they were embroiled in new and interminable wars; and so, when justifying their inaction in Syria, they could cite military necessity; but, in the end, who knows what they were thinking. Perhaps, as some commentators alleged, Assad had offended too many people. In the early 2020s, Assad had refused to help Hezbollah and the Iranians in their war against Israel perhaps because of a secret pact. It could be that Assad sought to be all things to all men – Israeli, Iranian, Russian, Lebanese – and that by attempting to please everyone, Assad had ended up pleasing no-one.


We must, after 2024, carry out the exercise of shifting from one perspective to the other; that is, we must come to realise that the values and expectations of the 2010s do not hold true for the 2020s. In late 2024, Assad, expecting support from Iran, Lebanon, Russia, and the Alt-Left and Alt-Right network, the Mike Peinoviches and Tim Andersons, the Richard Spencers and Max Blumenthals, was bound to be disappointed; for the powers that had sustained him throughout the 2010s would not sustain him throughout the 2020s.


And so, after a little tap, Assad’s Captagon regime became unravelled. I confess that in December 2024, I made a mental exercise, which was a mistake on my part, of transposing 1945 Germany to 2024 Syria; I anticipated that a defiant Assad would make a last stand in Damascus, that he would make Damascus his Berlin, and that his loyalist forces would put up a fighting withdrawal, block by block, until they were at last overwhelmed, inevitably, by the onrushing tide. But Assad disappointed all of us who were expecting a grand and Wagnerian drama; he fled, without a fight, to Moscow. And that doomed him politically; had he died a martyr’s death, perhaps Assadism would have survived. It may have even survived had Assad been captured, subjected to a trial, and executed, or simply captured and killed – the fate of Ghaddafi.  


Why, exactly, did Assad fall? When it comes to assessing the political strengths and weaknesses of the belligerents, we must grant that the rebels, in the 2020s, did a much better job of running Idlib than Assad did in running the Syria outside Idlib; the rebel administration collected garbage and provided electricity all in a timely manner whereas the Assad regime failed to deliver the most basic amenities; one can consider that to be trivial, but it is trivialities that count when assessing political support or the lack thereof. Jihadism hardly comes into it; for al-Sharaa embodies a new, technocratic Islam. And it is important to note that in 2025 the young, handsome, and presentable Sharaa was greeted with adulation wherever he went; that Syrians treated him like a rock star. And this is natural, because as a matter of course, Arabs acclaim charismatic and youthful reformers – look at the goodwill that attended Ghaddafi and Bashar upon their debuts.


But let us not forget the fate of Ghaddafi and Bashar.

 

IV.   Conclusion: How to use Syria and Gaza

 

After Assad’s defeat and flight, some of the old hands who had formed part of the anti-Assad Far Left came out of the woodwork and exulted in the defeat of Ba’ath, even though they – with a few exceptions – had hardly written anything on Assad and Syria after 2019, the year by which Assad supposedly had won the war. As for the Far Right, only two articles on Far Right sites – to my knowledge – remarking on the downfall of Assad were published, one by Hadding Scott, the other by Karl Radl; these essays decried the ouster of Assad, attributed it to an Israeli plot, and portrayed the accounts of the gassings – in particular, the gas attacks at Ghouta in 2013 and Khan Shaykoun in 2017 – as fakes and scams.


The Far-Right theses have been refuted by reality; the notion of the jihadist rebels and the HTS government as being secretly Zionist has been put to rest by Israel’s conduct after December 2024; Israel went to war against Syria after Assad’s reign, not during. In 2025, Israel, armed with cutting edge US technology and US backing without stint, waged war on the four fronts of Gaza, Yemen, Iran, and Syria. Israel carried out over a thousand bombing missions in aimed at destroying the leftover weapons, equipment, and vehicles of the SAA; it occupied hundreds of square kilometres of Syria; it kidnapped Syrians, shot Syrians, and killed Syrians with drones. In Israel’s campaign, one can easily divine the intentions of the Jewish State: Israel wants to partition Syria, and it desires a Druze state in the south and a Kurdish in the north. In 2025, the flow of events, which is rapid and disorienting, has overtaken the elucubrations of the Far Right and Far Left.


Scott’s article mentioned the notorious prison system, and the most notorious prison of all, Sednaya, which was, among other things, a homosexual rape dungeon. The ‘security services’ of the Middle East rely exclusively upon barbaric methods; to the governments of the Middle East, sodomy is policy. But Scott, a white nationalist associated with William Pierce’s National Alliance, dismissed the accounts of atrocities in Sednaya and the unearthing of mass graves as fakes, contrived, and so forth; and he took umbrage at the photos by the Syrian activist ‘Caesar’ of the cruelties of Sednaya. But in 2025, Scott is free to investigate: he can easily fly over to Damascus and count the bodies in the mass graves; and perhaps he can employ a Fred Leuchter to test the residue of gas – there must be some – at Ghouta and Khan Shaykoun.


I doubt that Scott will undertake such a step. That aside, it is important is to ask why it is that Scott thinks in the way that he does.


It is worth noting that Scott has written many excellent pieces that revise the history of WWII and the Holocaust. Considering Scott’s historical research helps us to arrive at an understanding of Scott’s state of mind, and after our contemplating Scott’s past work, a truth emerges, and that is this: Scott, like many others on the Far Right, believes that every year is 1946.


In 1946, the Allies held their IMT (International Military Tribunal) trial at Nuremberg, and if you read the transcripts, you will find absurdities such as the accusation that 20,000 Jews were killed by an atomic bomb explosion at Auschwitz, an accusation that elicited the laconic reply from Albert Speer – that this was the first he had heard of it. (Speer, being Speer, goes on to relate in pedantic fashion how the German nuclear research lagged that of the Allied). When levelling these charges, prosecutor Robert H. Jackson claimed to be in possession of evidence: and what sane person among us could deny that the evidence was fabricated? Our reading of the transcripts forces us to acknowledge that evidence marshalled in the trial was composed of absurdities and lies. For technical reasons, the prosecutors relied on absurdity, a powerful weapon in psychological warfare: for nothing confuses and intellectually disarms your opponent more than your making illogical, contradictory, and fantastical accusations.


The sad result of Nuremberg is that in the decades after 1946, generations of thinkers on the Far Right have taken the trial to be a model, an example of how the West treats its political opponents. In the world view of the post-1946 Far Right, every enemy of the West, of the US, of the ‘Atlanticists’, has been slandered; every atrocity story told against the enemy is a fabrication and a frame-up; and that holds true after 1990, when Slobodan Milošević and Saddam Hussein were accused, and after 2011, when Muammar Ghaddafi, Bashar al-Assad, and Vladimir Putin were accused. No doubt, in the event of a war between China and Taiwan, Xi Jinping will join the ranks of the wronged and the calumniated; in the Alt-Right and Alt-Left mind, such a crossing over is inevitable whenever the West goes to war against the ‘New Hitler’.


Why, then, believe in allegations of atrocities in Syria and disbelieve in allegations of atrocities in the Third Reich? A simple reason, which is this: you do not need to work to prove something that actually happened. (A researcher could, if he wanted, prove that the Tokyo firebombing, which took place eighty years ago, happened, and he could do so by inspecting US flight logs, conducting forensic examinations, and so forth; but why bother). The same rule applies to the massacres in Latakia in March 2025 and in Suwayda in July 2025.


By way of comparison, in Gaza after March 2025, hundreds of Palestinians were killed by Israeli sniper, mortar, drone, artillery, and tank fire while waiting outside food distribution centres. At first, the American conservative media, when reporting on the killings, denied them, and brayed that the allegations of mass murder constituted a ‘blood libel’ against the Jews; and after a time, the conservative media stopped reporting; for the body pile had racked up at too fast a rate.


The lesson is that empirical proof, forensic proof, quickly overwhelms propaganda. In 1943, the Russians and the Allies were disturbed greatly by the German exposure of the Polish officers murdered at Katyn. But when considering Soviet history and all its appalling massacres – Kronstadt and Tambov come to mind – the Katyn killings carry little weight; Katyn was small potatoes; so why were the Russians so bothered? Because we in the West were allowed to peer behind the iron curtain. Atrocities such as Tambov had occurred far beyond the range of the prying eyes of the West, and in 1943, for the first time, a Russian massacre had become subject to Western standards of forensic examination.


(My advice to the Assadists who seek to obfuscate the horrors of the killing fields of Syria is this: take the path that the Russians took after the exposure of Katyn and blame the killings on the other fellow. In the war years, Assad did not control greater Damascus all the time; perhaps rebels on the outskirts massacred a 100,000 or so Syrians, buried them in mass graves, and thereby framed Assad…).


So, when considering simple standards of proof and evidence, we see that the defenders of Assad have obfuscated. And the examining of Assadist propaganda, whether it be the propaganda of the Far Right or the Far Left, reveals how Assadism inclines towards the communism of the ‘tankie’ and ‘Third Camp’ varieties. All the Third Positionists, all the ‘tankies’, and at least half of the Trotskyite movement, take the same favourable view of the statesmen who are warriors against the West – Milošević, Hussein, Ghaddafi, Assad, Putin, and perhaps in time, Xi Jinping and Kim Jong-Un. And if we are to examine the political biographies of these men, we must confront the truth that these statesmen came to politics from the Far Left; that is especially true of Milošević and Putin, both of whom were reared on a steady diet of communism, anti-fascism, anti-Nazism, and the like. So why is that we white nationalists, ‘white supremacists’, ‘Neo-Nazis’, racialists, race realists, and whatever other names the uncomprehending world calls us, are championing men of the Far Left? The anti-Western warriors hate the white man, and this is even when they themselves – Milošević, Putin – are white.


Summing up, the most serious charge we can direct against the Third Positionists is that in the Levant, they missed the revolutionary moment.


From the start of the Syrian civil war and the start of the Libyan, we have heard the Far Left – and Right – lay the blame for both wars at the feet of Israel; and that Israel, the Jews, Mossad, the Zionists, inflamed the Arab masses against their Arab socialist rulers; and that the Jews functioned as a trickster god, pouring (in the words of that David Bowie song) ‘gasoline on the fire’. But in the years 2011 to 2024, Israel never bombed the Syrian Ministry of Defence; and in 2025, the year at the end of which Assad had become a ghost and a fast-fading memory, it did.


As to why, we know that the taking advantage of existing sectarian conflicts in Syria brings about the benefit of Israel – Israel being a nation that prospers by causing chaos and division.


To that end, Israel makes use of traitors. Amidst the turmoil of the Syrian ethnic and sectarian conflicts of post-Assad Syria, the Jewish State has found a new friend and the Syrian government a new enemy: Hikmat al-Hijri, powerful leader of a Druze faction that resists the government, blocks aid convoys, kidnaps Bedouin women, and commits ethnic and sectarian massacres. It should be no surprise that al-Hijri, Israel’s Druze man on the spot – and the new darling of the American conservative media – supported Assad.

             

All this bears on the American conservative media, which has lost all credibility in part because of Israel.


When Trump and Vance had their hostile encounter with Zelensky in the Oval Office, the conservative news sites almost unanimously – in a manner that was quite North Korean – hailed it as a diplomatic triumph, which it was not; America’s geopolitical partners and loyal allies were shocked by the display, which served as a textbook example of how to alienate friends and win enemies. The incident will go down in American history as a geopolitical disaster.

              

The Zelensky quarrel happened in February 2025; in April 2025 came one of the worst stock market crashes of the 21st century, one which most conservatives refused to report. Fox News took down the ticker at the bottom of the screen – which in that week would have shown a sea of red – for the first time in 28 years. In these evasions, the conservatives were ignoring events of great consequence. Both the DJIA and the S&P 500, when divided by the price of an ounce of gold, never truly recovered from the April crash, and the economic boom and the stock market boom of Trump’s second term, promised to voters in 2024, has yet to begin.

             

The conservative reporting of the Gaza war represents the third example of conservativism’s blind spot. We know by now that the American Right cannot view ‘Zionism’ objectively, and indeed, we have known that for years. But the American conservative does not know, and if the American conservative pundit were persuaded, just for once, to step outside of his usual frame of mind, he should be asked: do you think Israel’s conduct – such as the hosting of a Hunger Games outside the GHF aid distribution centres, a contest in which the stakes are death or a measly bag of flour – is normal? Even if you are filled with the utmost contempt for the Palestinians, even if you do not care whether Palestinians live or die, you must admit that the sport that the Israeli soldiers had (which is akin to skeet shooting but with human beings instead of clay pigeons) with the Palestinians is a little odd.


And the conduct is not just odd, it is depraved; and no other nation in the world could possibly get away with what Israel does. In this century, if any political leader did what the Jewish heroes of the Bible – mass murderers and war criminals such as Simeon, Levi, Moses, Joshua, David, Judas Maccabeus, to name a few – did, he could expect to wind up in the Hague; but the conduct of the Israeli leaders and the diaspora runs counter to modern norms, and after a little honest reflection we come to realise that Netanyahu, Katz, and their diaspora supporters are trapped in a fantasy, a psychodrama, that is inspired by the Old Testament. David Sims examines part of the myth in Jews Are Serial Invadersof Palestine, Not “Original Occupants.

               

When considering it all, how does America respond? The US for a long time can ignore world opinion and go it alone; but in its supporting Israel without stint, the US runs the risk of ruining its good name, of tarnishing its reputation; you, as a great power, can thumb your nose at the world all you like, but sooner or later, you will come to realise that you do not live in splendid isolation and that you do need the help of others. The State of Israel, which is, in the words of Laurent Guyenot, ‘the psychopathic nation’ (in an essay which seems to have been written 20 years ago but could have been written today) hardly counts as a good friend. The two states America and Israel present an odd contrast, and the relationship is as incongruous as that of between two unmatched and dissimilar children in a playground. Why did the healthy and wholesome schoolboy attach himself to the creepy and isolated schoolboy who tears the wings off flies and who, after growing tired of this, graduates to torturing mice? On the geopolitical stage, smaller and weaker nations will ask why it is that the US associates with Israel, a deeply unpopular nation, and being unable to come up with any reasonable explanation, will come to doubt America’s goodness. They may even resort to psychiatry and diagnose a ‘co-dependency’. And this raises two questions: can a psychopath change himself, redeem himself; and can a cycle of co-dependency be broken?

               

The answers will help determine the future of the West. On Capitol Hill, Israeli and Jewish influence matters, Arab influence matters not; no Syrian Alawite, Druze, or Bedouin lobby exists in Washington DC; for the only foreign lobby that possesses any clout is the Jewish-Israeli. Which is to say that in American political calculations, the Arabs do not amount to much, and neither do the Arab victims of Israel’s aggression.  


Having said that, the grisly history of the Assad and Sharaa regimes can distract, and it can assume an outsized importance; when contemplating the Syrian story, one’s attention is temporarily removed from the Israel story, and one is forced to confront the reality of the Levantine – his cruelty, his violence, his hair-trigger temper – that is, all the Levantine racial qualities that frustrate the Far Left. We must understand that the Far Left, which is to say, the communist movement, does not dismiss Carl Schmitt entirely; it does not spurn Schmitt’s interpretation of the political as the Friend / Enemy distinction; it only wants the capitalists and the bourgeoisie to be lined up on the Enemy side, and the ‘workers’ on the Friend. But in contravention to the Marxist model, the Levantine Arabs form up in religious and ethnic groups, as we have seen with the recent disturbances in Suwayda, in which the Bedouins outside the province travelled a great distance to fight on behalf of the Bedouins inside; Arabs organise themselves along the lines of tribe, clan, faith, and ethnicity – and not class.

               

Our conclusion, then, is that the Leftist political model breaks down in the Levant; but how does that relate to us? Here I have spent a great deal of time on Arab affairs, but my main purpose has been to sketch an outline of a plan of action that is for the Far Right; and one obstacle that my plan will encounter is that many on the Far Right reject politics altogether; it is as though their insight into the Jewish question has numbed them; in their myopic world view, the Jew controls every political candidate, including Trump, and thereby excluded every political possibility; there is nothing to be done; the end is nigh; etc., etc.


These malcontents, who are to be found in the comments sections of American white nationalist sites proffering wisdom, or rather, poisoning morale and spreading discontent, have been, in Alt-Right parlance, thoroughly black-pilled. They do not engage in politics, because, I suppose, their idea of politics is restricted; in their conception, politics is confined to the endeavours of running for office, debating in parliament, etc.; but the Far Left, to its credit, possesses a broader understanding. We can verify that if we consult The Organizational Weapon: A Study of Bolshevik Strategy and Tactics (1952) by Philip Selznick, a Jewish sociologist and former communist activist. To see how fresh and contemporary this work was, consider that it was published one year before Stalin’s death and not even ten years before the end of WWII. In The Organizational Weapon, Selznick describes communism in its prime, and once he reads it, the white nationalist will absorb its lessons and look at politics in an entirely different way.


From Cold War accounts of communism such as Selznick’s, we learn that like every political practitioner, the communist activist aims at taking office; that he looks to it as the ultimate goal; that he views Lenin’s career in the years 1905 to 1917 as a model, indeed, the one ideal worthy of emulation; and that even so, he holds to a conception of a politics that extends beyond the sphere of parliament. And once we begin to view politics in such terms, terms that lie outside the spheres that we traditionally think of as being political, we learn to perceive shifts, ebbs, flows, both national and international; and when applying the model to the politics of 2025, we can detect a turning against Israel – and America’s propping up of Israel.

             

For our purposes, this raises the interesting question as to how far the antipathy of the liberals – or even the apolitical – towards the State of Israel goes. Could the revulsion felt towards the Jewish treatment of the Palestinians develop into ‘anti-Semitism’ of the Hitlerian sort? Israel itself does not know; it operates in a fog of war; and so, it follows the course of lashing out blindly and accusing all and sundry of ‘anti-Semitism’. One of the marks of the psychopath, according to Guyenot, is that he does not understand others and that he cannot even begin to guess what it is that they feel towards him; and one consequence is that when he does something grotesque (such as stage a Hunger Games), he does not understand the abhorrence and revulsion of others. Israel’s only response to criticising and chastising is a colloquial phrase delivered in a Yiddish accent: ‘Enough already!’. (And perhaps he adds in the same accent: ‘Vasn’t six million enough for you?’). Liberals, particularly in the West, are not used to a line of argumentation that is not really a line of argumentation at all, a line that is what the pop psychologists call ‘gaslighting’. Relentlessly, the psychopath probes for any latent guilt and self-doubt in his victim with a view to exploiting it; he himself never experiences guilt, shame, self-doubt, remorse; and if we become persuaded by his one-sidedness, as the American conservatives have been, we become convinced of the proposition – despite all the suffering and death rained down upon his victims – that the world owes this Middle Eastern, Levantine, and Semitic psychopath, and that the world owes Israel and by extension all the Jews.


The conclusion is that, even if we have not arrived at a satisfactory definition of ‘anti-Semitism’, we can see how Israel’s military tactics in Gaza and the West, and Israel’s attempts, largely ineffectual, to manipulate world opinion and mask the horrors inflicted upon the Gazans in Jewry’s name, lead in the long run and perhaps the short to ‘anti-Semitism’ - whatever ‘Semitism’ itself may be.


Assessing the politics of the 2020s, then, we can state: cracks are appearing, tensions are being felt, and possibilities are presenting themselves. In the past few decades, the international political establishment has all at times given the impression of unanimity; one only need to look to the rhetoric and the practice in lockdown years, 2020 to 2022, when politicians, journalists, and health professionals from Moscow to Melbourne all spoke the same lines, as though they were reading from the same script. But every now and then, we mortals became privy to debates that occur within th e establishment; and it is then that we saw divisions. In the 2020s, the rupture that became the most prominent was the one that spread after the outbreak of the Gaza war. Thanks to social mediaand the smart phone, the qualities of Israel, the ‘psychopathic nation’, could no longer be concealed; and intelligent observers in the West began thinking - in heretical fashion - that if Israel is not Jewish, what is?


The break reminds me of one other, one that occurred during a series of violent incidents in New York and New Jersey in late 2019 and early 2020; this was a time when African Americans in the two states expressed outrage against members of Orthodox Jewry who had migrated, en masse, into African American neighbourhoods.


A Marxist would characterise that conflict as a conflict over scarce resources. Selznick writes that ‘Marxist doctrine stresses the division of society into segments having latent interests’; and that inevitably in this political model, breaks do occur. ‘According to this view, men are moved by social needs and pressures toward unity or into conflict’. After a hundred years of Leninism, we know that Marxists keep an eye open for any social and racial disturbances with a view to exploiting them – see the Black Lives Matter riots in 2020. But the same Marxists would have taken a contrary course had the 2019 and 2020 conflicts between Jews and Blacks proved to be lasting: we can surmise that the Marxist would have worked to the utmost to divert the energy of the blacks into safe channels: we know the score: in the Marxist view, African-Americans, by all rights, ought to be directing their animosity away from Orthodox Jews and towards the ‘bosses’, the ‘bourgeoisie’, the ‘capitalist class’, the white man.


We must remember that the Far Left after March 2020 never once agitated against lockdowns, mandates, travel bans, masking, contact-tracing, etc., but it did agitate, without cease, against Trump and against statues of white men. When assessing the radical politics of the early 2020s, we must conclude that the Marxist served as an arm of an establishment, an establishment that, as it so happens, was united when it came to opposing Trump in 2020, disunited when it came to opposing Israel in 2023.

             

To return to late 2019 and early 2020. The Far Left never took advantage of the racial disturbances in New Jersey and New York, and neither did the Far Right; for the latter, the disturbances represent a lost opportunity. And the exploring of these forgotten anti-Jewish incidents, and the reflecting upon the could-have-beens and what-ifs, leads us to two differing conceptions of politics – one conception that is static, the other dynamic.


We are all familiar with that type of poster on American white nationalist message boards who insists that nothing can be done, that we are all damned, and that anyone who thinks otherwise is either a servant of the establishment or a fool; always, he strives to demoralise. Such a misanthrope holds to a static view, and in his Weltanschauung, no change is possible; indeed, no possibilities exist. The static view contrasts with the dynamic, and when looking for examples of the dynamic Weltanschauung, we need look no further than to two ideas that gripped the world in the first half of the 20th century, one having its origin in Russia, the other, in Germany.

             

The politics of the present favours a dynamic and not a static conception. A scrutinising of Gaza in 2025 reveals a shift; the awareness of the suffering of the Palestinians has moved outside of the normal circumference of the Left and into the mainstream and further, into that part of the electorate that traditionally places itself outside of normal politics. That, and the cracks and fissures in the political establishment that appeared when members of the establishment were forced once and for all to confront the realities of ‘Zionism’, Old Testament Judaism in modern guise, gives activists on our side of politics an opening.


Perhaps the unique possibilities can be better understood if we consider the following metaphor. Your job, as a political activist, is to win votes, even at non-election time; and your job is to win votes in spheres in which electoral votes are usually not cast. In late 2019 and early 2020, a section of the black community in New Jersey and New York cast votes – mentally – for our ideas. But in 2025, the circumstances differ. Lenin wrote a hundred years ago that ‘the meaning of the term “masses” changes in accordance with the changes in the character of the struggle’: in other words, who your audience is, what section of a community it is that you appeal to, changes just as circumstances change. Applying Lenin’s principle to the contemporary political scene, we ask: the sections that are concerned and disturbed by what Israel is doing and what the Jewish lobby is doing – how do we reach them?

 

Monday, October 20, 2025

Political Captagon: on the Far Right and Far Left’s addiction to Assadism in the 2010s

 







I.    Introduction: Why write on Syria? 


For decades, men of our political persuasion have paid scant attention to Syrian politics. We were not that concerned, because Syrians are Arab and for the most part Muslim; and Syria belongs to what Spengler calls the Magian Culture – the civilisation that first sprang up in the Middle East and one that is primarily Jewish, Muslim, and Christian – whereas we belong to the Faustian or Western or Occidental Culture. We are mostly concerned with our own destiny, for our worldview is particularist, not universal, and it does not pretend to apply in all times and all places; and the amount of our emotional investment in any war involving Syria matches that of any war involving the Congo. Contemplating the possibility of war between America and Russia, Yockey writes in 1949 that ‘Europe is no more interested in this projected war than in a struggle between two negro tribes in the Sudan’.


That indifference vanished in the 2010s. Following the Arab Spring uprisings, a number of Arab rulers – most of whom had been in power for decades – were forced to stand down or make concessions, and in the three most backward of the Arab states – Libya, Egypt, and Syria – the rulers attempted to brutally suppress the uprisings; and in two out the three, the rulers dug in, refusing any concessions and preferring instead to plunge their countries into civil war. But whereas the Libyan War ended after a few months, the Syrian War ended after thirteen years, and whereas the West felt no compunction towards the ouster of Ghaddafi, it felt squeamish towards an ouster of Assad. And so, Assad lingered throughout the 2010s, and in a bizarre turn of events, wound up becoming a hero to certain prominent sections of the Far Right and the Far Left; many of those on the political fringes – including some of my comrades in good standing – became heavily invested in the survival of the Assad regime.


At this point I will digress and stop to remark upon the Syria after Assad’s ouster. I want the new Syria to do well, for entirely selfish reasons that I shall soon relate; and to the friends of the new Syria – and many of those friends disagree with my politics – I recommend but one course of action. I will detail it in the below paragraph, which should be skipped by those who want to read about the politics of the 2010s.


In 2025, Syria can extricate itself from its difficulties if it straightens out its money. A weak currency means a weak State, and monetary disorder leads to political disorder, and conversely; for how many regimes and how many empires have perished because of debased currencies, and how many civil wars have been fomented by inflation, currency weakness, and economic turmoil? Syria’s haphazard monetary regimen contributed both to the fall of Assad and to the sectarian and ethnic conflicts of 2025; and given that, the central bank of the new Syria must end fluctuations. The Central Bank of Syria ought to adopt a currency board arrangement, in which the pound is fixed to the euro at the rate of, say, £SYP15,000 to €EUR1, and in its day-to-day operations, the currency board would work as follows. If you present €EUR1 to the Syrian Central Bank, you get £SYP15,000 in exchange, and vice versa, with the Syrian Central Bank adding or subtracting pounds in circulation with a view to maintaining the fixed rate. For the intellectual underpinnings of this arrangement, read this Wall Street Journal editorial from fifty years ago, one that draws upon the ideas of Nobel-winning economist Robert Mundell (the architect of the euro) and Art Laffer (of Laffer curve fame); it justifies fixed exchange rates and by extension currency boards. I will forestall objections by pointing out that Syria already labours under a fixed exchange rate regime: the value of one pound in Homs, for instance, equals the value of one pound in Daraa; by taking up a currency board, Syria will only be doing what it already does, but more effectively. And such are the advantages of fixed exchange rates that all the Levant is best advised to adopt a common currency, and Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria ought to dispense with (what Mundell would have called) their junk currencies. But such a wish, for now, is a pipe dream.


To return to Alt-Right politics. Up until 2011, our side of politics largely ignored any happenings in Syria; and after 2011, it took an interest. That occurred for two reasons. The first was that the Assad regime launched a well-crafted and brilliantly executed propaganda campaign that portrayed Assad as a moderate Muslim and Arab leader, one who had been tasked with protecting Christians and minority Muslim sects such as the Alawites, whom in the Assadist narrative were being persecuted. The second reason was that, as often happens to a country embroiled in a civil war, Syria was partitioned, like Poland in the 18th century; other powers who were stronger and more cohesive intervened; Turkey, Iran, the US, Russia, and the newly formed Islamic State (ISIS or ISIL) all took their cut; and as to why this carving up mattered to the Far Right and Far Left, we need look to Russia, which in 2015 threw its weight behind the Assad regime; thanks in no small part to Russian arms, Assad in the second half of the war saved his rump state, the political centers of which were located in Damascus and the coastal province Latakia; and in the eyes of the Far Right – and Left – Assad had been anointed by Putin, and that counted. In the 2010s, one on the Alt-Right or Left could have devised complex intellectual arguments on behalf of the Russian intervention, and one could have justified support for Russia by declaring that Russia was anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, or whatever; but in the last analysis, what mattered to the Far Right and Far Left was that the Putin regime conveyed strength; brute force carried the day.


An eventful year, 2015 saw significant developments. In the Republican primaries, Trump declared that the US should team up with Assad, ‘destroy ISIS’, and make friends with Russia. Trump was not departing all that much from the establishment line, for Trump’s doctrine hardly differed from Obama’s: the Obama administration, by 2015, wanted to crush ISIS, and to that end, it supported the Kurds, who were to be used as a club to beat ISIS into submission. The anti-Assad rebels were not to be selected for such a purpose; for these rebels were routinely castigated as ‘jihadis’, and many of the Western elite looked down their noses at these bearded, scruffy, and narrow-minded insurgents; and many sections of the Far Left favoured the Kurds because the Kurds were progressive, the ‘jihadis’ reactionary.


Also in 2015, the Trump campaign closely watched events in Europe, events that were exploited by Trump with great success. Merkel brought over a million Muslim refugees, mostly male, mostly of fighting age, and mostly Syrian. Merkel did so out of ill will: she transported these men into Germany to cause as much inconvenience, pain, and misery to the Germans as possible. She succeeded, and within a short time, Syrian man won notoriety. The Syrian refugees, who numbered in the millions, had already become a thorny political problem in Turkey; and if Syrians behaved badly in Turkey, a Muslim nation, one could only imagine how they would behave in Germany.

               

Why would Merkel and other members of the European power elite make such a decision, one that would lead to such disastrous consequences, consequences that could be easily foreseen? The answer is simple: hatred. Suppose that some misanthropic mayor of a small town in America’s Pacific Northwest had decided to release 200 starving grizzlies: he would be acting in the spirit of malice, clearly enough. But in his own mind, he was only doing what was right; for his compatriots deserved to be punished; the townsfolk needed to be scourged. And as to what motivated him, perhaps it was religion and a belief that he was meting out divine justice. Regardless, the mayor knew how to cover his tracks, and he urged the townsfolk to accept the aggressive and marauding bears; he remonstrated with his constituents to place the welfare of beasts of prey, starving, needy, and aggressive, above their own. In the same spirit, Merkel made the slogan ‘Wir schaffen das!’ (‘We can do it!’). To understand the mentality, we must delve deep into Merkel’s lizard-like brain, and after returning from our exploration of the depths, we shall conclude that the Merkels saw Syrians not as human beings but as pawns on a chessboard, and as walking bioweapons.

               

Merkel’s million-man invasion put Syrians on the map, and not in the manner that the advocates of a free Syria would like. And of course, the Far Left was not disturbed by the violence – even the sexual violence – of Syrian man in the slightest. The reluctance to condemn can be proven by asking the Marxist: are there any circumstances, any whatsoever, in which these men should be deported? Each time, the Marxist will answer: none.

               

Thanks to Merkel, those of our political persuasion were forced to confront Syria; but even if Merkel’s million-man invasion had not occurred, would a study of Syrian and Middle Eastern politics have been worth it? I argue that the answer is yes. An acquaintance with Syria, the Syrian question, and ‘Third World’ politics, benefits us, for it can supply interesting perspectives. Take, for example, the phenomenon of Syria’s prisons. The Assads imprisoned tens of thousands, and these political prisoners were held in jails that were among the worst in the Middle East. Up until 2024, this state of affairs was considered by the prisoners and their relatives to be immutable; but within the space of a few days in December 2024, the structure was transformed, negated. One day, a jailer represents the mighty Syrian state; the next, he is some random fellow who owns a key to a room with some people locked inside. After Assad fled Syria, the jailer fled his jail, and the rebels broke down the doors and freed the prisoners, some of whom had been locked up for decades (and some of the women prisoners, raped by guards, had given birth to children who were now teenagers). A political scientist could write a thesis on the change of status and loss of legitimacy of the jailer, and the thesis would raise serious philosophical questions: is legitimacy real, or is it the product of a fiction, a sort of game played between the ruler and the ruled?

               

When discussing these subjects, we are stepping outside the confines of white nationalism, dissident Rightism, ‘Neo-Nazism’, etc.; but sooner or later, we must return to the subject of race. And it is here we shall begin.

 

II.           The Levant, the Arab character, and ‘Arab socialism’

 

So, who are the Arabs, and in particular, the Arabs of the Levant – what is their culture, what are their customs, values, practices, ways of going about things?


As part of a fact-finding mission, you can watch this 15-part documentary on the Lebanese civil war, in which prominent Lebanese, Jordanian, Palestinian, and Syrian personalities – many of them big names in Levantine politics – are interviewed and combat footage is featured. From this remarkable piece of history, we can deduce a number of truths.


One of these truths is that the Levantine Arab shows two faces. As we can see from the documentary, the Levantine expresses himself warmly, floridly – the Arabs are a theatrical people – and with a degree of grandiloquence; and that attracts Westerners. In the 1970s and 1980s, many left-leaning Westerners were drawn in; for Arab political activists, even the guerrillas, insurgents, and terrorists, always do a splendid job selling themselves.

   

On the other side of the ledger, when sifting through the footage we find a different Levantine, one who is instrumentalist, rationalist, cruel, and ruthless; one who thinks nothing of exterminating an entire family because it belongs to a different faith or different sect within a faith. When, in the documentary, the Levantine admits to crimes, the atmosphere turns cold, and we are shaken awake. The Arab warmth, fellow-feeling, and sentimentalism disappears, and the Western viewer is disconcerted by the sudden shift – by the turn to a brutal frankness and an indifference to suffering.


The Levantine mentality pits ‘us’ against ‘the world’ – but who is the ‘us’? In Lebanon, it is the powerful families – the Jumblatt, Gemayel, Chamoun clans, each led by a charismatic patriarch – who dominate Lebanese state and society. The same model is replicated in Syria, where powerful families stand at the head of religious and ethnic communities. Like those of our pious European forefathers five hundred years ago, religious and national groupings abide by Carl Schmitt’s Friend / Enemy distinction: that is, they constitute themselves as political units.


The two attributes – the elevating of charismatic leaders and the forming of political units along sectarian lines – make up a composite. The third attribute can be found whenever one community interacts with the other, and that attribute is a gift for intrigue. The Arab politician, whether he be a guerilla leader, a religious leader, or the leader of a state, excels in deal-making, treachery, and back-stabbing; and in the quest for power, Levantine politicians, being political in the Schmittian sense, always turn to war as the last and first resort. Carefully and over time, the Levantine political actor builds up a militia, and to strengthen it and himself, he builds relationships with foreigners. He never considers himself above making alliances with foreign powers; going back at least forty to fifty years, Levantine militia leaders have entreated the Soviet Union, the Iran of the Mullahs, the Iraq of Saddam and Ba’ath, etc.; which is why, in the second half of the Syrian Civil War, we were presented with the spectacle of one Syrian army wholly controlled by Turks, another by Americans, another by Iranians and Russians, and so forth. Perhaps only ISIS and Al-Nusra / HTS stood for a truly sovereign Syria.

               

All the above characterises the political side of the Levantine aptly enough but does little to convey the Levantine’s physiognomy. The members of all High Cultures, according to Spengler, moved, spoke, gestured, in ways that were peculiar to their Culture: they run, swim, dance, fight, etc., in a unique fashion, and unique expressions alight upon their countenances. But because all High Cultures at some point – usually after 2000 or 2500 years – perish, the historian in nearly every instance will never experience the peoples of a Culture as a living reality; the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Peruvians, Romans and Greeks vanished, leaving behind nothing but monuments and ruins. And as for the ancient Chinese and Indians, who is to say that they and the inhabitants of today’s China and India are the one and same people?

               

Fortunately for the purposes of study, the Muslims, Jews, and Christians who belonged to the Magian Culture are still with us; Spengler believed that the Magian Culture’s decline and dissolution were comparatively recent; an insufficient amount of time had passed for the remnant peoples of the Culture – the fellahin – to disperse like dust in the wind. The consequence is that we can see, thanks to the mediums of film and TV, how the Levantine deports himself in his natural habitat.

               

A handful of instances, recorded on TV news, give us insight. Recall from the Lebanese civil war documentary the Palestinian soldiers who were standing in uniform at the Beirut docks, at the time of the PLO’s expulsion from Lebanon; the scruffy, ill-dressed, bearded men, trying to put a brave face on it, treated the event as a celebration and fired their Kalashnikov rifles in the air, thereby wasting precious ammunition. And then, forty-two years later, we were treated to the scenes of the jubilant Syrian populace cavorting and dancing in the street, the Syrian women ululating, after the Assad regime was overthrown. The two spectacles accentuate the differences in conduct and bearing of the Arabs and the Germans, particularly the Germans of the old Reich (Second and Third); and they prove the falsity of the equivalence, so beloved by American conservatives, of the Arabs – especially the Arabs who belong to Hamas and other jihadi organisations – with the ‘Nazis’.

               

Equally enlightening is the TV footage of that other Levantine people – the Israeli Jews. As an amateur ethnologist, I am captivated whenever Israelis appear; the differences in physiognomy between them and Europeans become readily apparent, as do the differences in motion; when the Israeli Jews dance their Jewish dances (in celebration, for instance, of returned Israeli hostages), and clap hands, sing, bounce up and down, gesticulate, they deport themselves in a most un-Western manner, which is to say, they caper like the Levantines that they are.

               

In this context, Israel matters for reasons geopolitical as well as racial. It is the presence of the Jewish State that helped create our attitude towards Syria; otherwise, little exists in Syria to attract us. A peripheral theater in WWII, it along with Lebanon was invaded by the British, the Australians, and the Free French in 1941. In 1946, Syria won its independence from the French, but its elected government – a rarity in the Middle East – was overthrown in a military coup in 1949, and after that, Syria went through more coups than an African republic.


In this period, a legend was born: the legend of Germans (former ‘Nazis’) taking refuge in the Arab post-colonial states and plotting with Arab governments to destroy Israel. You can read about the myth in The Beast Reawakens: Fascism's Resurgence from Hitler's Spymasters to Today's Neo-Nazi Groups and Right-Wing Extremists (1997) by Martin E. Lee, who was a liberal antifascist (the book reads as though it were written by some hack at the Southern Poverty Law Centre). One man more than any other bears responsibility for loosing this conspiracy theory upon the world, and that is the late British airport novelist Frederick Forsyth, whose The Odessa File (1972) undammed a flood of imitations.

             

But as Hitler and the Third Reich moved further away in time, great ideological changes occurred, in both Syria and Germany.


After the 1963 coup in Syria, Ba’athists took power. The Ba’athist ideology, one of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, was conceived by Arab intellectuals in the 1930s, whom had been at least partially influenced by the example of National Socialist Germany. I would not make too much of this – we must not fuse, as many American conservatives do, the ideology of the Arabs and ideology of the ‘Nazis’; for Hitler’s influence in the first half of the 20th century was as inescapable as Napoleon’s in the first half of the 19th; and in the first few years after 1945, the influence lingered; Yockey writes in The Enemy of Europe (1953): ‘After the Second World War, the opponents of the Hero [Hitler] of that War were still dominated by his compelling personality’ and ‘Either they took up his ideas and declared them their own, or they continued to fight against him’; Yockey asserts, ‘Of a new Idea, independent of that Hero, there was not a trace’.


Yockey died in 1960; had he lived until the end of the 1960s, he would have recognised that the mood had shifted. After Egypt’s defeat in the 1967 Arab Israeli war, Nassar’s star had fallen, and Arafat’s – and that of the PLO fedayeen – had risen. In 1966, a palace coup in Syria had steered Ba’athist rulers closer to the Far Left; the old Arab nationalist faction of Ba’athism was usurped, a new ‘Neo-Ba’athist’ faction, heavily influenced by Lenin and Mao, taking its place. In 1970, after yet another palace coup, Hafez al-Assad seized power, and he transformed the ideology of Syrian Ba’ath into something called Assadism. One year later, Nixon abolished the gold standard and the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates, and with disastrous consequences; and so, the tumultuous decade that was the 1970s began.

               

At this turning point, we see a 20th century divided into halves, the divide being summed up by the contrast of Arafat and Nasser. 


The suave and debonair Nasser, who dresses like a man of the 1940s and 1950s, is set off against the scruffy and bearded Arafat, who wears combat fatigues – like Fidel Castro or Che Guevara – and the keffiyeh, which is today worn by pro-Palestinian demonstrators the world over. Clearly, the ‘Nazis’ belong to the first half of the century, the Nasser half, whereas the children of the ‘Nazis’ – the members of the pro-Palestinian Baader-Meinhof terrorist gang, for instance – belong to the second, the Arafat half. It is the visual, the aesthetic, that determines the difference. By the late 1970s, the Palestinians and certain elements of the New Left had become associated with international terrorism; and the seventies terrorist, perhaps following the theory of Guy Debord and the Situationists, sought to make a spectacle of himself, projecting his theatrical feats and crimes through the media across vast distances, as the British literary critic John Sullivan points out; the terrorist, Sullivan observed, had accomplished what Heidegger called ‘de-severance’, that is, a shortening of the distance between himself and others, the stunt being performed by electronic means.

               

What happened to Syria in this period? After the 1970 coup, Hafez had in effect crowned himself king; and for all intents and purposes, Syria, Libya, and Egypt had become monarchies.


Superficially, Syria was treading a ‘left’ path; it took on the mantle of repressive and progressive states such as communist Cuba, North Korea, and Romania; it became more and more isolated, like North Korea – a hermit kingdom, but a hermit kingdom of the Arab world. And in another significant development, one most pertinent to the Syria of forty years later, Syria under Assad militarised to an extent that was unusual for a poor Arab and Muslim country. To give one example: in order to shoot down Israeli jets, Syria and Egypt acquired enormous quantities of anti-air missiles in the lead-up to the 1973 Arab Israeli war, the stockpiles exceeding those of NATO and the Warsaw Pact; the Levant had become the most militarised place on Earth.


After its defeat – which was a narrow one – in the 1973 war, Syria was embroiled in Arab crises; Lebanon was splitting apart at the seams, engulfed in sectarian violence; and so, the rulers of Lebanon invited the Syrians in.


The Lebanese crisis broke out at the same time as the capitalist crisis. By 1973, markets belatedly recognised that the US’ departure from gold was permanent, not temporary, and so collapsed; and inflation overtook the world. The inflation led to an extraordinary rise in commodity prices (including oil prices) and the enrichment of the Arabs of the Gulf states. In movies, TV shows, and novels, Arabs were portrayed as greedy gougers with too much money, and as men of great power who were backwards, sexually depraved, cruel, and worst of all, infected by anti-Semitism (whatever ‘Semitism’ is). In Western popular culture, the Arabs of the Gulf and the Levant were depicted as loathsome, and the Jews of Israel as brave, indomitable.


By the early 1980s, the image of Israel and the Jews had changed, as had the relations between the economies of the West and the Middle East. In a stunning reversal, commodity prices, including gold and oil, fell and fell hard; and the countries that made a living out of exporting commodities – countries such as Chile and Australia – suffered the most. The effect of the deflation was compounded in Third World countries, especially those that made a living out of selling oil; and as a result of economic strain, Iran and Iraq went to war. In Lebanon, the civil war took a turn for the worse, and the Maronite Christian government invited Israel into Lebanon in the hope that the Israelis would extirpate the Palestinians, rout the Syrians, and entrench the Maronites. In Lebanon in 1982, Syria and Israel fought their last conventional battle, and Israel won after a brief fight; and afterwards, military victory turned into political defeat.


Even though the Arabs committed most of the notorious atrocities – the Sabra-Chatila massacre, for instance – of the Lebanon war, Israel’s wanton and destructive campaign, including the siege of Beirut, led to left-wing world opinion turning against the Jewish State. Arab terrorism of the spectacular variety continued into the mid-eighties, but the symbolic character that was the jet-setting, jet-hijacking terrorist, who had a romantic and horrifying aura, gradually faded out of consciousness and went the way of disco and bellbottoms. And a new image of Israel sprang up: Israel the cruel, Israel the strong, Israel the occupier, Israel the oppressor – Israel, always lavishly equipped with the latest in US weapons and equipment gratis.


Or perhaps that unstinting US military aid and diplomatic support did cost Israel something: increased scrutiny. In the meantime, Hafez al-Assad’s Syria lived on in the dark. A Muslim Brotherhood revolt shook Hafez’ hold on power in the early eighties, and Hafez punished the rebels of the city of Hama by turning Hama into rubble and massacring thousands? tens of thousands? of its inhabitants without the world, for the most part, noticing and condemning.


By 1990, the Lebanon civil war had ended, and by 1993 – after the signing of the Oslo Accords – an uneasy peace reigned in the Levant, for in the West, economic conditions had improved, and the beneficial effects made themselves felt worldwide. The gold / US dollar price stopped bounding up and down, and for the next two decades it stayed within a more or less fixed band; and the US stock market staged a remarkable recovery. By the late eighties, communism in the US – and in other Western countries – had shrivelled up and all but breathed its last.


Appropriately enough, Hafez al-Assad – that Cold War relic – died at the start of the 21st century. Power passed on to his son, and now Ba’athism, ‘Arab socialism’, would face its biggest challenge.

 

III.          The Syrian Autumn, 9/11, The Arab Spring, and the Syrian Civil War

 

Wrongly, as it turned out, many believed that Bashar, the new ruler, would reform Syria and do so because of his youth and his cosmopolitan, ‘Europeanised’ outlook. A new age dawned – the ‘Syrian Autumn’, which was precursor to the ‘Arab Spring’.

             

To understand this false dawn, one must understand the zeitgeist, which shall explain why it is that the West – and the Syrians – were taken in by the fresh and youthful Assad.


I have long argued that to know an epoch, you must know its popular culture. For example, if you want to know the 2000s, watch 2000s television – particularly American daytime television (for in this period, as America went, so the world went). In these productions, Americans are clean, well-dressed, smart, well-groomed, stylish; admittedly, some Americans who are obese put in a showing now and then (and oddly enough, Syria, like the US, had become one of the most obese countries in the world); but by and large, most Americans made the effort to look healthy and attractive. And the décor of their homes, cafés, restaurants, and bars pleases the eye; Americans lived well; you detect an air of crispness and stylishness; to grasp it, compare TV shows of the 2000s to those of the 1970s, which was the ‘decade that taste forgot’.

               

Hafez belonged to the 1970s, and Bashar to the 2000s – or so it seemed.

 

Bashar, who speaks French and English and has a British-born wife, was said to have "inspired hopes" for reform, and a "Damascus Spring" of intense political and social debate took place from July 2000 to August 2001.[18] The period was characterized by the emergence of numerous political forums or salons where groups of like minded people met in private houses to debate political and social issues. The phenomenon of salons spread rapidly in Damascus and to a lesser extent in other cities. Political activists, such as, Riad Seif, Haitham al-Maleh, Kamal al-Labwani, Riyad al-Turk, and Aref Dalila were important in mobilizing the movement.[19] The most famous of the forums were the Riad Seif Forum and the Jamal al-Atassi Forum. The Damascus Spring ended in August 2001 with the arrest and imprisonment of ten leading activists who had called for democratic elections and a campaign of civil disobedience.[20]

 

The ‘Damascus Spring’ ended on a sour note, but one could not fault the Syrian liberals for holding high hopes. In the early 2000s, the main American capital markets – the DJIA and the S&P 500 – were situated on the tail-end of the late nineties economic boom, an expansion that had been unprecedented. In the Levant at the turn of the century, the American success of the 1990s reinforced the lesson, partly drawn from Fukuyama’s ‘End of History’ thesis, that any socialism whatsoever – even Arab socialism – needed to be abandoned. And so, in this spirit, it was hoped by the modernisers that Bashar would usher in ‘free-market reforms’; and economic liberalism leads to political liberalism, or so the argument goes.

               

Then 9/11 happened. Overnight, US geopolitics changed.


When assessing this era, we on the dissident Right can say that Bush 45, when responding to 9/11, made two mistakes.


The first of these was to refrain from doing a Trump and failing to introduce – right after 9/11, when the time was perfect for it – a ban on all Muslims entering the US. Hardly any American of consequence would have opposed such a ban, but Bush 45 failed to strike while the iron was hot; and paradoxically, Muslim immigration only increased after 9/11.


Bush made a second mistake by invading Afghanistan and Iraq. One could understand why the US invaded Afghanistan; for Bush, along with most of the world, believed that Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda perpetrated 9/11. At the time, I and many others on the dissident Right were unconvinced; but we could not explain incontrovertibly what had happened and who the guilty parties were; and besides which, we inhabited the fringes, and our opinions carried no weight. In the weeks after 9/11, Americans were adrift; reeling in shock, America, on the eve of the invasion of Afghanistan, found itself in the same position as Austria-Hungary after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. We will recall that after the assassination, Serbia refused Austria-Hungary’s demands, which were quite reasonable, and the result was that Austria-Hungary invaded. Like the Serbs in 1914, the Taliban in 2001 proved to be intractable; the Taliban refused to hand Bin Laden over, for the Taliban valued loyalty to Bin Laden, a fellow jihadist, above the well-being of Afghanis; and so, the US invaded.

               

In the weeks after 9/11, America enjoyed the world’s sympathy, a sympathy that Bush squandered. As the 2000s progressed, the Taliban and then the Iraqi Ba’athists became folk heroes to the anti-war Left and Right, and Bush the world’s most hated man. In the first weeks after 9/11, Assad saw a political opportunity and exploited it:

 

During a state visit by British Prime Minister Tony Blair to Syria in October 2001, Bashar publicly condemned the United States invasion of Afghanistan in a joint press conference, stating that "[w]e cannot accept what we see every day on our television screens – the killing of innocent civilians. There are hundreds dying every day." Assad also praised Palestinian militant groups as "freedom fighters" and criticised Israel and the Western world during the conference. British officials subsequently described Assad's political views as being more conciliatory in private, claiming that he criticised the September 11 attacks and accepted the legitimacy of the State of Israel.[77]

 

Bashar fitted into the third of Bush’s biggest mistakes: the pursuit of a ‘War on Terror’ without clear objectives and the prosecution of the war using methods that would tarnish the US’ reputation.

 

Following the September 11 attacks and during the early stages of the US-led war on terror, "Syria had emerged as one of the CIA's most effective intelligence allies in the fight against al-Qaeda,"[78] with "the quality and quantity of information from Syria [having] exceeded the Agency's expectations."[78] Syria closely cooperated with the CIA's detention and interrogation program of people deemed "illegal enemy combatants"; Syrian prisons were a major site of extraordinary rendition by the CIA of alleged al-Qaeda members where they were tortured by Syrian interrogators on behalf of the CIA.[79][80][81] According to a 2013 report by the Open Society Foundations, Syria was one of the "most common destinations for rendered suspects" under the CIA's program.[82]

 

We can say ‘Homo homini lupus’ – ‘Man is a wolf to man’ – and paraphrase: ‘Arab is a wolf to Arab’. Assad, along with Ghaddafi and Putin, managed to play all sides off against the other; and the three adopted the pose of the progressive, the friend of the Arabs, the champion of the Third World against Western imperialism, colonialism, racism, etc.


These conflicts – between the West and the Muslim world, the West and the Arabs – revived the Far Left. The Stop the War marches and the activism against Israel accomplished little; but to the Far Left, the agitation served as a shot in the arm.

              

Left-wing activism was directed against US foreign policy – what of the domestic? US capital markets started the decade strong, and then declined, in real terms – that is, terms adjusted for inflation, which by the end of the decade had increased dramatically. In 2000, gold cost $USD250 an ounce; in 2008, $USD1000. By the late 2000s, the US dollar was losing value, as was many a loan portfolio held by many a bank; and markets sagged as lenders began to realise that borrowers, because of deteriorating economic circumstances, would be unable to repay loans. And suddenly and without warning, the inflation came to an end: towards the end of 2008, the dollar appreciated, commodity prices (including the gold price) fell and fell hard, and a deflationary episode ensued, one resembling that of the early 1980s; and almost overnight, liquidity dried up, and banks were unable to repay borrowings from other banks. Hence the global financial crisis, which affected not only America but Syria. The world financial crisis, in conjunction with a Syrian drought, pushed Syria to the brink and helped turn the populace against the Assad regime.

               

I now come to the Arab Spring, and I will preface my comments by pointing out that when dealing with it, we are dealing with certain elements that are unquantifiable. The Arabs had put up with the Ghaddafis, the Mubaraks, the Assads, for a long time, and had experienced a great deal of economic hardship; but they had never cracked – until 2011. What drove them to this point? Furthermore, at what juncture does a ‘revolutionary’ leader such as Ghaddafi pass from being ‘young’ and ‘fresh’ to ‘old’ and ‘sclerotic’? How and when does a leader become a symbol of stagnation and decadence? Political science cannot answer.  

               

With that in mind, let us narrate how the Arab Spring played out in Syria. If you want a recounting of the first few weeks, turn to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, which provides this timeline. Given that the Syrian War went on for the thirteen years, I will not reproduce Britannica’s summary; it is enough to say that the Arab Spring presented all the rulers of the Levant – Assad included – with a dilemma. You are faced with a rebellious populace, and if you want to hang on to power, you need to accommodate. But being the men that they were, the Mubaraks, Assads, Ghaddafis, lacked the ability. Assad responded to the protests by sending in the SAA (Syrian Arab Army). And as could be expected, the SAA shot up ‘soft’ targets: it used machine guns, mortars, tank cannons, and artillery against crowds of civilians, crowds that were much like the crowds of Palestinians queuing outside aid centres in Gaza in 2025, the crowds that were shot and shelled by the Israeli army. Consequently, the Syrian civil protest became militarised. And China and Russia made that possible: for they saw how the US and Europe, equipped with UN Security Council resolutions, had acted against Ghaddafi, and they made sure to stymie any efforts to oust Assad.


In 2025, the war is a historical curio, meaning that we may discount its importance; but we should understand that, at the time, many on the Far Left – and the Far Right – took it seriously.


Those on the ‘extremes’ of politics interpreted the war in two ways. The first school of thought believed that the protests and the riots against Assad were a contrivance – the work of the CIA, Mossad, and the Soros Foundation – and it opined that the Syrian masses were puppets dancing on a string, puppets manipulated by masters in Tel Aviv and Washington, DC.


In opposition to this view, some on the Far Left welcomed the Arab Spring, venerated its martyrs (including the boy Hamza Ali al-Khateeb, who was tortured to death by Assad’s security forces), and saw in the Arab Spring an Incipient Arab revolution, one that would perhaps turn communist. This faction of the Left understood it was being divisive, but it pressed on regardless, because Marxism of any sort thrives on division; siding against Assad and the ‘anti-imperialists’ (that is, Iran, Russia, and China) invigorated the faction; and the Syrian war, which dragged on without, apparently, an end, gave it plenty of fuel.  


In the 2010s, the Syrian war provided much fodder because the war was not resolved: for the West did not want to resolve it. The Libyan civil war finished quickly, thanks to Western intervention, and it finished before the West had time to take stock of the Libyan rebels; in the dramatic days of 2011, the Western powers assumed – vaguely, hopefully – that the rebels were aligned with them ideologically – that the rebels wanted liberal democracy and free and fair democratic elections, held in the best Jimmy Carter-approved tradition. Events proceeded at such a dizzying pace that the West could be forgiven for failing to gauge the rebels accurately; but in the case of the Syrian war, Western policy makers and intellectuals – including Marxist intellectuals – had more time to take the measure of the ideological content of the Syrian revolution. And the West did not like what it saw. True, the anti-Assad Syrians, perhaps influenced by libertarian and anarchist theory, carried out a decentralised and grass-roots rebellion; but all the same, the rebels who came to fore adhered to Islam and a coarse jihadi brand of Islam at that. For the first time, distinctions were drawn by opinion makers in the West between good and bad Islamic sects; Assad belonged to the Alawite sect, and that made Assad, in the words of Mike Enoch, the most ‘civilised’ actor in the conflict. Prominent thinkers on the Far Right and Far Left agreed on the importance of being ‘civilised’, as did the US, UK, and European political establishments, which grudgingly supplied some rebel groups – the ‘decent’, ‘vetted’ ones – but not nearly enough; the Kurds, who were suitably progressive, reaped the lion’s share.


Looking back on the war, we can make a number of observations about the Levantines. One observation is that Levantines possess a genius for forming small but active fighting organisations: in the course of the Syrian war, we encounter a bewildering alphabet soup of miniature armies, forming, splitting, and re-forming, and even a Syrian keeps track of it all with difficulty. The Levantine jihadist who formed a new organisation was entering a crowded and competitive market; and the question he posed to himself was, ‘How can I distinguish myself from my rivals?’. From its first appearance, ISIS overcame the hurdle of market differentiation in a startling and effective way.


Another observation that arises is that Syria is composed of multifarious groups that deeply dislike one another, and this phenomenon gives the lie, perhaps, to any notions of Syrian unity and nationalism. We see it in the vitriolic discourse on social media after the fall of the Assad regime; the Alawites, the Druze, the Kurds, etc., are locked in combat, and none of them appear to want Syria as such to do well. It goes without saying that these tensions were exacerbated in the 2010s; Assad, fighting for his survival, turned Syria into a sectarian state; but Assad did not invent these contradictions – they dwelled underneath the surface well before the war, and after the war, they broke out into the open.


In the course of the war, we in the West were instructed by Assad and his Russian sponsors in the differences between good and bad Islam, good and bad jihadism; Hezbollah, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard, and pro-Assad Islamist militias (drawn from various Islamic countries) were considered good, and ISIS and anti-Assadist Islamists bad. This had consequences: Hezbollah helped the Russians, Iranians, and the SAA lay waste to towns and cities, and by doing so, Hezbollah damaged its reputation irreparably. In 2006, Hezbollah had fought Israel to a standstill and had become heroes in the eyes of the Arabs; but after 2011, Hezbollah set to work repressing the Arab Spring and the anti-Assad rebellion, and earned the enmity of the Arabs who had come to see Assad as a pariah.


This brings us to some of the peculiarities of the war that may be of interest to the political scientist who prioritises technical elements. In the battle for Syria and Lebanon in WWII, a front line separated the two belligerents, as was standard; and in the battle for Syria in the 21st century war, we see not neat front lines but blobs that appear, expand, and contract behind enemy lines, sometimes adjacent even to Damascus. The ebb and flow recalls that of the insurgent wars of the 20th century, but in Syria, the belligerents battled not for the possession of ‘hearts and minds’ but for the possession of cities – charming old cities, the oldest in the world – and the highways connecting them.

 

End of Part I.